Background: Inappropriately prescribed antibiotics in pediatric outpatient care remain one of the most significant global drivers of antimicrobial resistance. Diagnostic uncertainty, excessive treatme

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinical causes, resuscitation interventions, and outcomes of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest to identify key predictors of survival and neurological progno

Background: Advancements in pediatric anesthesia and pain management have made pediatric surgery safer. Caudal epidural analgesia is a common postoperative technique in children, offering benefits ove

Introduction: Pediatric metabolic screening is governed by a weight-centric dualism that prioritizes obesity while overlooking cardiometabolic risks in undernutrition. While obesity-related dyslipidem

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy with survival rates approaching 90%. Hypertension is an increasingly recognized complication during induction che

Background: Caudal epidural analgesia is a widely used regional technique for pediatric infraumbilical surgeries. To enhance the duration and quality of analgesia, adjuvants like ketamine and midazola

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children, often presenting with electrolyte imbalances and varying clinical outcomes. Limited da

Dengue fever is an arboviral illness spread by mosquitoes and is now a major public health issue on a global scale. Unfortunately, only a few studies have documented unusual clinical characteristics o

Introduction: Respiratory tract infections are a major cause of antibiotic use and contribute substantially to antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluated physicians’ perspectives on antibiotic sel

Objective: To characterize post-immunotherapy lineage plasticity in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including antigen escape, measurable residual disease failure, lineage switch, molecu

Background: Childhood visual impairment and blindness continue to be ongoing challenges in worldwide eye care, especially in low-resource environments. In spite of profound advances in pediatric ophth

Background: Caudal epidural block is widely used for infraumbilical surgeries in children, but the duration of single-shot bupivacaine is limited. Tramadol as an adjuvant has been investigated to prol

Objective: To assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of vitamin D3 supplementation in children. Design: A retrospective, multicentre, observational real-world evidence study. Subjects/Patients

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neurological disorder affecting posture and movement, often accompanied by sensory, cognitive, and communication impairments. Rehabilitation strategies vary si

Objective: To evaluate efficacy, durability, and safety of next-generation chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies in relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Design: A systematic revie