Background: Ketamine abuse has been documented as early as the 1970s. Effects of Ketamine intoxication include, but are not limited to, sedation; dream-like states; auditory hallucinations; and visual

Background: Caudal epidural analgesia is a widely used regional technique for pediatric infraumbilical surgeries. To enhance the duration and quality of analgesia, adjuvants like ketamine and midazola

Objective: Ventral and dorsal surgical approaches are widely used for bilateral ovariectomy in animal experiments. The outcome of the surgery depends largely on the approach and incision used for cond