As an internal medicine specialist with a dedicated interest in insulin resistance, I have been engaged in ongoing clinical studies investigating various aspects of this complex condition. During rout

Background: Oestrogen and oestrogen-modulating therapies remain central to women’s health, yet their associations with cancer, cardiovascular outcomes, and fibroid disease continue to be debated. The

Background: Chronic liver disease is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities that may remain clinically silent. Echocardiography can help identify subclinical cardiac dysfunction, particularly di

Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to assess their association with disease severi

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major public health problems that causes restricted quality of life, disability, and mortality, with high costs for the healthcare system. Cardiac surg

Background: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the complications associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in individuals undergoing dialysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a key marke

Background: Although statins remain the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapy, LDL-C targets are often not achieved with statin monotherapy. This study evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of

Atherosclerosis was found in humans who lived thousands years ago. Paleopathologist Marc Armand Ruffer (1859-1917) identified atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta as well as in several large arteries

Introduction: Pediatric metabolic screening is governed by a weight-centric dualism that prioritizes obesity while overlooking cardiometabolic risks in undernutrition. While obesity-related dyslipidem

Background: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plaque remain predictors of cardiovascular disease. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between HbA1c and CIMT and carotid artery plaque i

Introduction: The management of HF has evolved significantly with the introduction of novel therapeutic agents and biomarker-guided strategies. NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) gu

Background: Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, contributing to an estimated 4.2 million deaths and disabilities globally. Th

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly prevalent in Kashmir, with significant metabolic and endocrine complications. Hypogonadism and vitamin D deficiency are emerging as importan

We define "Long-COVID" as that phase of the disease following SARS-Cov2 infection which clinically continues for months after infection. It is considered to affect approximately 1 in 10 patients. Long

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with being the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year