Background: Anesthesiologists frequently utilize various local anesthetics for intrathecal administration, including isobaric or hyperbaric formulations of ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, and bupivacain

Background: Anaesthesia practice patterns in secondary care orthopaedic surgery in Nigeria remain understudied despite the critical role these facilities play in healthcare delivery. Understanding the

Background: Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anaesthesia has emerged as a preferred technique for major orthopaedic procedures. This study evaluates the effect of epidural top-up on spinal anaesthesia u