Objective: To compare the efficacy, induction–abortion interval, and safety of ethacridine lactate, Foley catheter with misoprostol, and mifepristone–misoprostol for second-trimester termination in wo

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing global health concern, with increasing prevalence linked to rising obesity rates. Early identification of at-risk women can mitigate advers