Background: Bioinformatics is a scientific sub-discipline that covers the area of biology at multi-disciplinary levels of microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, proteomic

Atherosclerosis was found in humans who lived thousands years ago. Paleopathologist Marc Armand Ruffer (1859-1917) identified atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta as well as in several large arteries