Background: The worldwide prevalence of obesity has reached an epidemic level and has presented a significant burden to public health infrastructure. There is a critical need for novel predictive inst

Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, with an excellent primary cure rate. However, survivors-particularly those with hereditary forms-face a heighten

Background: Inappropriately prescribed antibiotics in pediatric outpatient care remain one of the most significant global drivers of antimicrobial resistance. Diagnostic uncertainty, excessive treatme

Background: Lens-induced glaucoma (LIG) is still a major cause of irreversible blindness in developing countries, largely because of delayed treatment and diagnosis. Although surgery is largely succes

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus and are caused by neuropathy, vascular insufficiency, and infection. Glycemic control as evi

Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that is defined by recurrent facial erythema, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia. Even with growing world-wide acceptance, there are still s

Background: Pityriasis alba (PA) is a benign and common dermatosis predominantly occurring in children in association with atopy. Although it is very common, there is limited systematic investigation

Background: Salpingectomy, once used for sterilization or ectopic pregnancy, has been explored more and more as a preventive strategy for ovarian cancer. Its oncologic value, surgical acceptability, r

Background: The Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and Tru-Cut Biopsy (TCB) are significant investigative techniques used to differentiate breast issues. There is much research done on how well th

Background: Focal thyroid incidentalomas (FTIs) found on 18F-FDG PET/CT (Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positoin Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography) examinations are becoming commonplace in routi

Background: Neonatal mortality and morbidity remain a persistent issue, particularly in low-resource settings. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), early and prolonged skin-to-skin contact with exclusive breas

Background: Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS) is the leading etiology of gastric outlet obstruction in infancy, with progressive pyloric musculature hypertrophy. A comprehensive compilati

Background: Childhood visual impairment and blindness continue to be ongoing challenges in worldwide eye care, especially in low-resource environments. In spite of profound advances in pediatric ophth

Background: Scabies, a parasitic skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, remains a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in resource-limited settings and vulnerable populati

Background: Acute appendicitis is a frequent emergent situation that necessitates surgery. Complications, including an appendiceal mass, occur in 2-10% of appendicitis cases. Management of appendicula