Background: Anesthesiologists frequently utilize various local anesthetics for intrathecal administration, including isobaric or hyperbaric formulations of ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, and bupivacain

Background: Orthopaedic surgical procedures account for a substantial part of the global surgical burden. This study evaluates the demographics, indications, types, and comorbidities in patients who u

Background: Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anaesthesia has emerged as a preferred technique for major orthopaedic procedures. This study evaluates the effect of epidural top-up on spinal anaesthesia u