Background: Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Sudan, disproportionately affecting rural and conflict-displaced populations with limited access to healthcare services. Climatic factors

Background: Obesity and hypertension are emerging public health concerns among young adults and contribute substantially to future cardiovascular morbidity. Medical and nursing students are particular

Introduction: Sepsis-3 remains a leading cause of ICU mortality. In resource-limited settings, there is a critical need for inexpensive, rapid biomarkers for risk stratification. This study evaluated

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory condition with variable severity, ranging from mild self-limiting disease to severe forms with significant morbidity and mortality. Early p

Background: Thyroid nodules are common clinical findings, with a small but significant proportion harboring malignancy. Fine- Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) plays a pivotal role in the initial eval

Background: Esophageal varices are a major complication of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Introduction: Mental disorders represent a major global public health issue, particularly in low-resource countries. They are often associated with the use of psychoactive substances, notably cannabis

Introduction: While Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the gold standard for monitoring Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), its reliability can be influenced by non-glycemic factors, particularly nutritional

Hydatid disease, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus species, remains an important public health problem in endemic regions. Although the liver and lungs are most commonly involved, hydatid dis

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the standard surgical treatment for multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD). Although EuroSCORE remains the principal perioperative risk strati

Background: Pregnancy-associated sepsis remains a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Early recognition is challenging due to

Introduction: Cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) represents a significant health burden globally, particularly in South Africa. Profession delay, the interval from symptom recognition to c

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with disproportionately high mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically i

Background & Objectives: Early risk stratification is crucial in acute pancreatitis (AP) to improve clinical outcomes. This study evaluates the predictive accuracy of the PANC 3 score-a simple bedside

Objective: To evaluate the progression of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and associated echocardiographic parameters following isolated mitral valve surgery, and to identify preoperative predictors of T