Background: Esophageal varices are a major complication of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is essential for managing various GI conditions, particularly in critically ill patients. These procedures, often performed under anaesthesia, carry risks

A 56-year old man presented to the hospital with a complaint of rectal bleeding, and sent home with a prescription for 1% hydrocortisone cream under the belief it was due to hemorrhoid irritation. He