Objective: To evaluate first-trimester mean platelet volume as an early screening marker for predicting pre-eclampsia. Design: Prospective observational study. Subjects/Patients: 150 pregnant women wi

Background: Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Sudan, disproportionately affecting rural and conflict-displaced populations with limited access to healthcare services. Climatic factors

Background and Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous condition with wide variation in clinical features, metabolic defects, and risk of complications. A refined classification based o

Background: Hemoglobinopathies represent a significant genetic burden in the Indian subcontinent. Accurate screening is vital for prenatal counselling and early paediatric intervention. Objective: Thi

Background: Thyroid nodules are common clinical findings, with a small but significant proportion harboring malignancy. Fine- Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) plays a pivotal role in the initial eval

Background: Esophageal varices are a major complication of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Hydatid disease, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus species, remains an important public health problem in endemic regions. Although the liver and lungs are most commonly involved, hydatid dis

Objective: To assess the clinical usage, prescribing patterns, and cost-effectiveness of recombinant human erythropoietin (RhEPO) across different departments in a tertiary care setting. Design: Retro

Introduction: Umbilical hernias (UMHs) are common abdominal wall defects in adults. They can cause serious complications such as strangulation and impingement. Computed tomography (CT) is a reliable i

Introduction: Cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) represents a significant health burden globally, particularly in South Africa. Profession delay, the interval from symptom recognition to c

Breast tumours are abnormal growths in breast tissue. They can be benign or malignant. Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer that leads to death globally. In Sudan, it is the most com

Background: Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection predominantly affecting individuals with advanced HIV infection. In tuberculosis (TB)-endemic countries, pulmonary and d

The breast is a rare location for the development of a malignant lymphoma with the incidence of Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) being less than 0.5% of all breast malignancies and 2% of all extranodal l

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a life-threatening obstetric complication, and increasing prevalence of this condition underscores the importance of correct and prompt diagnosis to maxi

Objective: To describe a diagnostically challenging case of metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma presenting as chronic pulmonary infection, resulting in prolonged diagnostic delay. Design: Single