Introduction and objectives: Although technological innovations have resulted in a higher stone-free rates in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) either by dusting or fragmentation, stone retrieval i

Background: Body mass index (BMI) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) provide different information at the first assessment of type 2 diabetes. BMI characterises body habitus and adiposity-related risk,

Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological condition characterized by recurrent, intense headaches, often accompanied by nausea, light sensitivity, and aura. The management of migraines typica

Aims: Current screening paradigms for RA-associated lung disease lack validated serologic thresholds, while treatment remains guideline-agnostic with limited comparative effectiveness data. This prosp

Introduction: The management of HF has evolved significantly with the introduction of novel therapeutic agents and biomarker-guided strategies. NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) gu

Introduction: Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS), dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (DDEC), and undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (UDEC) are uncommon but highly aggressive endometrial malignancies

Surgical techniques for managing chronic migraines are gaining traction, especially for patients who do not respond to conventional pharmacological treatments. These procedures target specific neural

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) represent a serious complication of diabetes, often leading to lower extremity amputations and increased morbidity. Standard treatment protocols typically involve wound