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Original Article
Objective: To compare the operative time, perioperative complications, and overall safety profile of supine versus prone PCNL in a retrospective study. Design: Retrospective observational study. Subje
Kidney stonerenal calculisurgery positionstone positionstone size.
2
Background: Distal radius fractures are the most frequent fractures, with a common cause being low-energy falls. Treatment is focused on restoring anatomical alignment, stability, and functional resul
Distal radius fractureK-wireORIF platingFracture fixationComparative study
Objective: To compare the efficacy, induction–abortion interval, and safety of ethacridine lactate, Foley catheter with misoprostol, and mifepristone–misoprostol for second-trimester termination in wo
AbortionInduced Cervix Uteri Ethacridine Mifepristone Misoprostol Pregnancy TrimesterSecond Urinary Catheters
Original Article
Introduction: Renal calculi present a substantial healthcare burden globally, necessitating effective management strategies. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) stands as a cornerstone for addressing
Kidney stonesRenal stonesPCNLLeft KidneyRight kidneystone prevalence
Original Article
Background: Cholelithiasis with concomitant choledocholithiasis is a common surgical condition requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with common
CholelithiasisCholedocholithiasisERCPLaparoscopic cholecystectomyEarly cholecystectomyDelayed cholecystectomy
Original Article
Background: Ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization has become the preferred technique for obtaining central venous access due to improved success rates and reduced complications. The Interna
Internal Jugular VeinPirogoff’s ConfluenceUltrasound GuidanceCentral Venous Catheterization.
Original Article
Background: Clinical competence is a core outcome of medical education and requires assessment methods that are fair, valid, and reliable. While the Traditional Clinical Examination (TCE) has long bee
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)Traditional Clinical Examination (TCE)Clinical competenceClinical assessmentStudent preferenceCompetency-based medical education (CBME).
Original Article
Background: Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgeries in the world. It protects the health of both the mother and the newborn when vaginal birth is dangerous. Objectives: To compare t
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) BlockIntravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia (IV-PCA)Cesarean SectionPostoperative AnalgesiaOpioid ConsumptionSpinal Anesthesia
Original Article
Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children, often presenting with electrolyte imbalances and varying clinical outcomes. Limited da
Diabetic ketoacidosisPediatricsElectrolyte disturbancesHypokalemiaLactateType 1 diabetes.
Original Article
Objective: To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in low-risk primigravid women who received epidural labour analgesia with those who laboured without epidural analgesia at a tertiary care teaching
epidural analgesialabour painprimigravidamode of deliveryneonatal outcomesVisual Analogue Scale
Original Article
Background: Timely liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation remains a major challenge in critically ill patients. Although the Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI) is widely used to assess extu
Mechanical VentilationVentilator WeaningExtubationDiaphragmUltrasonographyIntensive Care Units
Original Article
Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of ICU mortality worldwide, with higher burden in low- and middle-income countries. Comparative data between resource-rich and resource-limited settings remain li
SepsisIntensive Care UnitICU mortalityResource-limited settingsqSOFAOrgan dysfunction
Original Article
Introduction: Assessment of the level of consciousness is essential for prognostic stratification in comatose patients. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is widely used but has recognized limitations. The
Glasgow Coma ScaleFOUR scorecomain-hospital mortalityprognostic stratification.
Original Article
Background: The comparative effectiveness of Catheter Flow Control Valves (CFCV) versus Conventional Continuous Flow Catheters (CFC) remains understudied in outpatient settings. This research evaluate
Catheter Flow Control ValveContinuous Flow Catheterurinary catheterpatient satisfactionoutpatient careurinary tract infections
Original Article
Background: Difficult laryngoscopy remains one of the most feared complications in anaesthetic practice. Diabetic patients are predisposed to airway difficulties owing to non-enzymatic glycosylation o
Difficult laryngoscopydiabetes mellitusMallampati classificationpalm print signprayer signupper lip bite test