Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to assess their association with disease severi

Background: Gynecological laparoscopic surgery can be performed under spinal anesthesia (SA) or general anesthesia (GA). Evidence comparing perioperative outcomes between these techniques is limited,

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the major public health problems that causes restricted quality of life, disability, and mortality, with high costs for the healthcare system. Cardiac surg

Introduction: The management of HF has evolved significantly with the introduction of novel therapeutic agents and biomarker-guided strategies. NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) gu

Background: Regular physical activity during pregnancy is a crucial component of antenatal care, offering significant maternal and fetal health benefits, including improved cardiovascular fitness and

Background: Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, contributing to an estimated 4.2 million deaths and disabilities globally. Th

Background: Oestrogen and oestrogen-modulating therapies remain central to women’s health, yet their associations with cancer, cardiovascular outcomes, and fibroid disease continue to be debated. The

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with being the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly prevalent in Kashmir, with significant metabolic and endocrine complications. Hypogonadism and vitamin D deficiency are emerging as importan

Background: Cardiovascular complications are rare in tuberculosis. It causes severe morbidity and mortality. There is paucity of data on cor pulmonale as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis in pe

As an internal medicine specialist with a dedicated interest in insulin resistance, I have been engaged in ongoing clinical studies investigating various aspects of this complex condition. During rout

Background: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the complications associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in individuals undergoing dialysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a key marke

Background: Hypertension is a significant global health concern due to its high prevalence and its association with increased morbidity and mortality. Methods: A retrospective observational study was

Atherosclerosis was found in humans who lived thousands years ago. Paleopathologist Marc Armand Ruffer (1859-1917) identified atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta as well as in several large arteries

We define "Long-COVID" as that phase of the disease following SARS-Cov2 infection which clinically continues for months after infection. It is considered to affect approximately 1 in 10 patients. Long