Background: The perioperative period is a "vulnerable window" where surgical stress and anesthetic choice may influence long-term oncological prognosis. This review evaluates the impact of anesthetic

Breast tumours are abnormal growths in breast tissue. They can be benign or malignant. Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer that leads to death globally. In Sudan, it is the most com

Background: Oestrogen and oestrogen-modulating therapies remain central to women’s health, yet their associations with cancer, cardiovascular outcomes, and fibroid disease continue to be debated. The

Background: The Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and Tru-Cut Biopsy (TCB) are significant investigative techniques used to differentiate breast issues. There is much research done on how well th

Introduction: Chronic inflammation has shown to have a recognized part in carcinogenesis, influencing tumor initiation, development, and prognosis. In breast carcinoma, systemic inflammatory markers s