Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and translational relevance of Claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2)–targeted therapy in advanced gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, and to assess i

Background: Acute cholecystitis (AC) is a common surgical emergency with severity ranging from mild inflammation to life-threatening complications. Early severity assessment is essential for appropria

Background: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is considered the gold-standard biomarker for assessing long-term glycaemic control and is widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. Ho

Background: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the complications associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in individuals undergoing dialysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a key marke

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health challenge associated with high morbidity and mortality. Secondary injury cascades, particularly oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, play a cr

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation and altered T-lymphocyte function. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), central to purine metabolism and lymphocyte m

Objective: To examine the correlation between serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and the clinical spectrum and severity of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs) in patients attending a tertiary ca

Objective: The effect of Cardiopulmonary bypass on serum Procalcitonin, and its correlation with other markers of inflammation in paediatric cardiac surgery patients. Design: A prospective observation

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a major contributor to long-term disability. Because clinical severity scores capture neurological status but not the underlying p

Objective: To evaluate associations between environmental and occupational exposures and acquired aplastic anemia, assess dose–response relations, and integrate mechanistic evidence. Design: Systemati

Background: Stress hyperglycemia and magnesium disturbances are common in critically ill patients and have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The glycemic gap, which reflects acute hyperg

Background Septic shock remains a major cause of intensive care unit mortality despite advances in critical care management. Early identification of patients at high risk of adverse outcomes is essen

Introduction: Sepsis-3 remains a leading cause of ICU mortality. In resource-limited settings, there is a critical need for inexpensive, rapid biomarkers for risk stratification. This study evaluated

Background: Sepsis is a significant global health issue and a predominant cause of death in ICU patients. Traditionally, serum lactate and albumin have been utilized as prognostic biomarkers. However,

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a life-threatening obstetric complication, and increasing prevalence of this condition underscores the importance of correct and prompt diagnosis to maxi