Background: Intrathecal adjuvants are commonly used to prolong postoperative analgesia following spinal anesthesia for caesarean section. Morphine is effective but associated with opioid-related adver

Background: Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anaesthesia has emerged as a preferred technique for major orthopaedic procedures. This study evaluates the effect of epidural top-up on spinal anaesthesia u

Objective: To evaluate the effects of clonidine addition to single dose intrathecal bupivacaine-fentanyl admixture on labour pain. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Subjects:134 lab

Background: Conventional sciatic and adductor canal blocks require separate punctures, potentially increasing procedural time and patient discomfort. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and accepta

Background: Caudal epidural block is widely used for infraumbilical surgeries in children, but the duration of single-shot bupivacaine is limited. Tramadol as an adjuvant has been investigated to prol

Objective: To evaluate pain response of expressed breast milk (EBM) versus placebo during intravenous (IV) cannulation in neonates admitted in NICU by neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS). Study design:

Currently labor patients are demanding a more comfortable experience, which has raised need for incorporating Epidural Analgesia into more common practice. In this technique local anaesthetic agent is

Background: Caudal epidural analgesia is a widely used regional technique for pediatric infraumbilical surgeries. To enhance the duration and quality of analgesia, adjuvants like ketamine and midazola

Background: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS PBx) is a widely used method for diagnosing prostate cancer. Ensuring effective pain control during this procedure is essential for pati

Background: Advancements in pediatric anesthesia and pain management have made pediatric surgery safer. Caudal epidural analgesia is a common postoperative technique in children, offering benefits ove