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Annals of Medicine and Medical Sciences
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Original Article Open Access

Early Childbearing a Risk Factor for Gestational Hypertension in Rural Population in Chhattisgarh

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Annals of Medicine and Medical SciencesVolume 04 (2025), Version 12 October 27, 2025pp. 1245 - 1248
769 249
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Abstract

Hypertension is the most common medical condition during pregnancy and is classified into four types: chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. Pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension are major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific multisystem disorder, typically developing after 20 weeks of gestation. It is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and symptoms such as sudden weight gain. Although inadequate placentation begins early in pregnancy, clinical signs often appear later. If unmanaged, PE may progress to eclampsia, a severe complication involving seizures.

This 5-year retrospective study (2014–2018) assessed the prevalence of PE and eclampsia in rural Chhattisgarh. Among 991 pregnant women, 3.73% had pre-eclampsia and 4.33% had eclampsia. The highest prevalence occurred in women aged 19-23 years-72.9% for PE and 65.1% for eclampsia.

The high incidence in younger age groups is likely due to early marriage and childbearing, common in rural areas. Urbanization-related lifestyle changes may also contribute to the increasing risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

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