Abstract
Vipassana is one of the most ancient techniques of mindful meditation found and practiced in India. History of vipassana can be traced back to 2500 years ago, when Gautama Buddha rediscovered this ancient Indian practice. Buddha taught vipassana as a universal remedy for all illness. Vipassana is self-transformation technique through self-observation that brings deep awareness about mind and body interconnection. The present study aimed to compare the level of self-esteem and self-efficacy of adults who practice vipassana and also those who do not practice vipassana. The research was conducted on 32 number of adults, among them 16 adults practiced vipassana and the rest 16 did not have awareness about the practice. Questionnaire survey and interview method was utilized in the collection of data. Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used in the research. To analyse the data mean, SD and t-test was used. The research emphasized the relevance of vipassana in today's modern world for better mental health.
References
- Alberto Chiesa (2010). “Vipassana Meditation: Systematic Review of Current Evidence” The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, vol.16(1):37–46.Google Scholar ↗
- Bani Narula and Shefali Midha (2021). “Exploring Indigenous concepts in Western Psychology”, Psychology and Education, vol.58(4):2785-2793.Google Scholar ↗
- Barbara Easterlin and Etzel Cardena (1999). “Cognitive and emotional differences between short- and long-term vipassana meditators”. Imagination, cognition and personality, vol. 18(1):69-81.Google Scholar ↗
- Donald Gardner () “Self-esteem and self-efficacy within organizational context” Group and Organization Management, vol.23:48-70.Google Scholar ↗
- Jack Pransky and Thomas M Kelley (2014). “Three Principles for Realizing Mental Health: A New Psychospiritual View”, Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, vol.9:53–68.Google Scholar ↗
- Kishore Chandiramani et.al. (1994). “Psychological effects of vipassana on tihar jail inmates”, Research report, Research Conducted under the aegis of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.Google Scholar ↗
- Laleh MehdiNejad (2020). “Vipassana Meditation, Self-Esteem, and Emotion Regulation”. Research report, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Pub:ProQuest LLC.Google Scholar ↗
- Patrick et.al (2006). “The self-stigma of mental illness: Implications for self-esteem and self-efficacy”, Journal of social and clinical psychology, vol.25: 875-884.Google Scholar ↗
- Paul Grossman, Ludger Niemann, Stefan Schmidt, and Harald Walach (2004). “Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits A meta-analysis” Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol.57:35 – 43.Google Scholar ↗
- Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar ↗
- Schwarzer, R. (1992). Self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviours: Theoretical approaches and a new model. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self-efficacy: Thought control of action (pp. 217–243). Hemisphere Publishing Corp.Google Scholar ↗
- Gray-Little, B., Williams, V.S.L., & Hancock, T. D. (1997). “An item response theory analysis of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol.23: 443-451.Google Scholar ↗
- Xianglong Zeng, Tian P. S. Oei, Yiqing Ye and Xiangping Liu (2015). “A Critical Analysis of the Concepts and Measurement of Awareness and Equanimity in Goenka’s Vipassana Meditation”, Relig Health, vol.54:399–412.Google Scholar ↗