ISSN 2456-2653
Contact us
Social Science and Humanities Journal
ISSN 2456-2653
Submit Paper
server-injected
ArticlesOpen Access

Analysis of Influence of Total Quality Management on Performance of Parastatals in Kenya

, ,
DOI: 10.18535/sshj.v8i10.1396· Pages: 5313-5335· Vol. 8, No. 10, (2024)· Published: October 9, 2024
PDF
Views: 400 PDF downloads: 169

Abstract

From competitive and survival perspectives, the ability to identify dynamics in an environment and timely respond by choosing convenient management approaches, is vital in prosperity of parastatals. Universally, Total Quality Management is one of emerging management trends that ensure this. There is limited evidence linking these in Africa, and specifically in Kenya. From several performance reports including 2021/2022, performance of some parastatals in Kenya is below average (2.40). They register low performance regularly thus implying inadequate total quality management practices. Past studies investigated effect of individual constructs of total quality management leaving composite effect unattached. This study sought to analyze impact of total quality management on performance of parastatals and was guided by resource based View theory. Census approach was applied with 34 as target population, 102 respondents, out of which 12 respondents were for sampling after cluster technique and 86 for actual study. Questionnaires were administered for data harvesting and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Content analysis ensured validity while Cronbach’s alpha tested reliability. Reliability results shows coefficient of 0.818 implying that the instrument was reliable. The findings reveal that TQM had 71.7% significant effect on performance. The study concludes that total quality management has a significant and positive effect on the performance of parastatals in Kenya and recommends that parastatals in Kenya should embrace as a useful strategy for enhancing performance.

Keywords

AnxietyFLCASSILLBSMT

References

  1. Adam, E.E., Flores, B.E. & Macias, A. (2001) Quality improvement practices and the effect on manufacturing firm performance: evidence from Mexico and the USA, International Journal of Production Research, 39, pp. 43-63.Google Scholar ↗
  2. Affar N.S., and Obeidat A., (2020). Effect of TQM practices on employee performance: The moderating role of knowledge shining. Management science letter 10(1), 77-90, 2020. M.growingscience.com.Google Scholar ↗
  3. Ahire, S.L. & Dreyfus, P. (2000). The Impact of Design Management and Process Management on Quality: an Empirical Examination, Journal of Operations Management, 18, pp. 549-575.Google Scholar ↗
  4. Ahmed M.M (2014). Effect of Training on Employee Performance in public selected sector organizations in Kenya. The case of NHIF Machakos County.Google Scholar ↗
  5. Akelo S. A. (2017). Effect of Total Quality Management Practices on Organizational Performance in International Research Organization in Kenya.Google Scholar ↗
  6. Aladwani, A. (2003). Change Management Strategies for Successful ERP Implementation.Google Scholar ↗
  7. Alexander, L.D. (1985). Successfully Implementing Strategic Decisions. Long RangeGoogle Scholar ↗
  8. Planning, 18(3), 91-97.Google Scholar ↗
  9. Alizadeh, M. (2005). Excellence in Financial Management by Balanced Assessment model Organisation for Management and Planning p4.Google Scholar ↗
  10. Alkison. A.A., Kaplan R.M and young S.M (2004). The Balance Scorecard in Management. New Jersey: Pearson prentice Hall.Google Scholar ↗
  11. Andrew G. (2018). Efficiency and effectiveness: know the difference www.facilitiesnet.com.Google Scholar ↗
  12. Andrum G. A., (2013). Influence of Internal Institutional Supervision on Quality of Teaching and Learning of English in secondary school in Kakamega County in Kenya.Google Scholar ↗
  13. Ansoff, H.I., & McDonnell, E. (1990). Implementing Strategic Management. New York:Google Scholar ↗
  14. Prentice Hall International.Google Scholar ↗
  15. Barney (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.doi:10007/014920639101700108.Google Scholar ↗
  16. Bartezzaghi, E., and Turco (1989) .The Impact of Just In Time approach on production system performance. An analytical framework. International Journal of operation and production Management 9(9), 40-61 doi:101181EUM0000000000127.Google Scholar ↗
  17. Bless. C. Kathuria, R (1993). Fundamentals of Social statistics: An African Perspective. Cape Town. 367 pages.Google Scholar ↗
  18. Blunch, N. (2012). Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling using IBM SPSS Statistics and AMOS.Sage.Google Scholar ↗
  19. Boyou and De Korvin (2008). Measuring the Leanness of Manufacturing Systems-A case study of Ford Motors Company and General Motors Journal of engineering and Technology management 25(4)(2008). PP. 287-304.Google Scholar ↗
  20. Breakwell, Glynis M. Hammond Seam. Fife-Schew, Chris.(Eds) (1995) Research Methods in Psychology/ London: Sage Publication.Google Scholar ↗
  21. Bridging the soft skills Gap ;How to teach the missing basics to today Young Talents by Bruce Tulgan 1st Edition ISBN-13:978-1118725641.Google Scholar ↗
  22. Brown, S. & Blackmon, K., (2005). Aligning Manufacturing Strategy and Business-Level Competitive strategy in new Competitive Environments: The Case for Strategic Resonance, Journal of Management Studies, 42: 4, pp. 793-815.Google Scholar ↗
  23. Business Process Management Journal, 7 (3), 266-275.Google Scholar ↗
  24. Camille Yip ,Nlan- Lin R, Han and Ban L.S., (2016). Indian J. Anaesthesi 2016 Indian journal of Anaesthesia Sep;60 (9):684-688-doi:104103/0019-049.190627.Google Scholar ↗
  25. Cecilia M/. P and Juliana C. F (2018). Internal and External validity: Can you apply research study results to your patients?Google Scholar ↗
  26. Chow, C.W Ganulin D., Haddad, K & Williamson J. (1998). The balanced scorecard: a Potent tool for Energizing and Focusing Health –care Organisation Management” Journal of Health- Care Management, 43(3); 63-80.Google Scholar ↗
  27. Cohen, J., Cohen E. J. (1983). Applied Multiple Regression/ Correlation Analysis for the BehavioraScience. Hillsdare, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.Google Scholar ↗
  28. Continue Reading about Kaizen (continuous improvement) Diann Daniel 13/may/2021.Google Scholar ↗
  29. Creswell JW, Plano Clark VL.( 2011). Designing and conducting mixed method research. 2nd Sage; Thousand Oaks , CA.Google Scholar ↗
  30. Creswell, J.W (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (3rded.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar ↗
  31. Czabke, J. Hansen, E and Doolen T (2008) –A multisite field study of lean thinking in U.SA and German secondary wood products manufacturers, forest products journal ,58(9),77-85.Google Scholar ↗
  32. Dale, B. G., & Cooper, C.L (1994). Introducing TQM: the role of senior management, Management Decision, 32(1), 20-26.Google Scholar ↗
  33. David J. Creswell and John Creswell (2017). Research Design: Qualitative and quantitative and Mixed methods approach (2017).Google Scholar ↗
  34. David A. (2005). Fostering ring innovation in public services. Public money and management 25(1) : 51-56.Google Scholar ↗
  35. David A.(2014). The value of lean in service sector: A critique of Theory practice. International Journal of Business and Social science-Vol. 5 no.2: February (2014).Google Scholar ↗
  36. De vaus, D. (2002). Surveys in social Research .The 5th Edition. London: Routlege.Google Scholar ↗
  37. Deiego Rodriguez (2021) Incorporating 5 lean principles for service industries.Google Scholar ↗
  38. Denscomle, M. (2014). The Good Research Guide: for small –scale social research projects. 5th ed. Mainden head: Open University Press.Google Scholar ↗
  39. Doeleman H.J., Steven T.H., and Keen Ahaus (2012).The moderating role of Leadership in Relationship between Management control and Business Excellence. TQM and Business Excellence 23(5-6)591-611, 2012.DOI:10-.30880/rmtb.2020.01.002.Google Scholar ↗
  40. Dongli Z., Kevin L., Roger G. Schroeder (2012). Moderating role of contextual factors on quality management practices. Journal of Operations Management 30(1-2), 12-23, 2012.Google Scholar ↗
  41. Dr. S.J. Manjunath G. Arun Kumar (2013). Impact of Total Quality Management Implementation on productivity and quality .A study at general motors Mysore, Karnataka, India Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing & Management Review ISSN 2319-2836 Vol.2 (4), April 2013.Google Scholar ↗
  42. Duggal Nikita (2021). Eight Most Effective Data Collection Methods with Their Techniques and used cases explained.Google Scholar ↗
  43. Eden S. (2019). Effect of Kaizen Implementation on Employee’s Performance at Anbessa shoes Share Company. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar ↗
  44. Eileen Modral (2021). Measuring Business Growth; The how, when, and why.Google Scholar ↗
  45. Ellie Martin (2021). The 5 core principles of lean management.Google Scholar ↗
  46. Esin and Hilai (2014). Effect of Total Quality Management practices on performance and the reasons of and barriers to Total Quality Management practices in Turkey Pg. 6-14.Google Scholar ↗
  47. Esin Sadikoglu and Hilal Olcay. (2014). The Effects of Total Quality Management Practices on Performance and the Reasons of and the Barriers to TQM Practices in Turkey. International business journal Volume 2014 Article ID 537605.Google Scholar ↗
  48. Evans Tarver (2022) Business essentials –Balanced Scorecard (BSC).Google Scholar ↗
  49. Feldman (1992). Audit in Psychotherapy: The concept of Kaizen (PDF) Psychiatric Bulletin. Royal College of Psychiatrists. 16(6):334-336. Doi:10.192/PB.16.6.334.Google Scholar ↗
  50. Feming, F.A Amaria, P., & Frempong, E.O (2013). Linkages between total quality management and organization survival in manufacturing companies in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4 (10), 1-15.Google Scholar ↗
  51. Feming, F.A Amaria, P., & Frempong, E.O (2013). Linkages between total quality management and organization survival in manufacturing companies in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4 (10), 1-15.Google Scholar ↗
  52. Fiona Middleton (2019). Reliability vs. Validity in Research, Difference, Types and Example www.scribbr.com.Google Scholar ↗
  53. Flynn, B.B., Schroeder, R.G and Flynn. E.J. (1999). World class manufacturing: An Investigation of Hayes and Wheelwright foundation. Journal of lean manufacturing on operations management. 17,249-269.doi:101016/S0272-6963(98) 00050-3.Google Scholar ↗
  54. Fran Bodine (2021). Society for International Development Marketing and Social Research Association.Google Scholar ↗
  55. Franscesca Cassidy (2018). Business Innovation and their essence in modern business entities. 3rd Edition.Google Scholar ↗
  56. Frederick, T. (1911). The Principles of Science Management, Harper and Brothers, USA.Google Scholar ↗
  57. Gamal A.M., (2010).Six sigma quality: A structured review and implications for future research. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 27(3)268-317 httpss://doi.org/10.1108/0265711023294.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  58. Gupta, S. (2008). How to shrink your waste Lean .I.T MLA 7th Edition Academic One file document.Google Scholar ↗
  59. Hackman, J. R., & Wageman, R. (1995). Total Quality Management: Empirical,Google Scholar ↗
  60. Conceptual, and Practical Issues. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(2), 309-Google Scholar ↗
  61. Haffar M., Al-Karaghouli W. Djebarni R. Gbadamosi G. (2017). Organizational Culture and TQM Implementation: Investigating the mediating influence of Multidimensional Employee Readiness For Change. Total Quality Management. Business. Excellence 2017:1-22 (Google Scholar).Google Scholar ↗
  62. Harrington, B. (2015). An Intelligent Forward Quality Enhancement System to Achieve Product Customization, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 105 No. 3, pp. 384-406.Google Scholar ↗
  63. Henry M. and Schroeder R. (2006). Six sigma: The Breakthrough. Management Strategy Revolutionizing the world’s top corporations, Dell publishing .ISBN: 978-8129117731.Google Scholar ↗
  64. Henry, G.T (1990). Practical Sampling. Vol 21.SAGE Publications Ltd, Newbury Parkhttp://dx.doi.org/10.413/9781412985451.Google Scholar ↗
  65. High Impact Tools and Activities for Strategic Planning: Creative Techniques for facilitating your organization’s planning process. 1st Edition Day (1997).Google Scholar ↗
  66. Hill, C.W.L. (2014). Differentiation versus Low cost or Differentiation and Low cost: A Contingency Framework, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 401-12.Google Scholar ↗
  67. Holden, M. and O’Toole, T (2004). A quantitative exploration of communication’s role in determining the governance of manufacturer- retailer relationships. Industrial Marketing management 33, 39-48.Google Scholar ↗
  68. Hrebiniak (2005). Making Strategy work: Leading effective execution and change.Google Scholar ↗
  69. Retrived from http://www.whartonsp.com/articles.Google Scholar ↗
  70. Hui, H., Radzi., Jenatadadi, H., Kasim, F., & Radu,S. (2013). The Impact of Age, Size on the relation among Organizational Innovation, Learning and Performance. A moderation Analysis in Asian food Manufacturing Companies. Interdisciplinary journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(4)166-174.Google Scholar ↗
  71. Hussey, J., and Hussey, R. (1997). Business Research; A practical Guide for Undergraduate and Post graduate students. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.Google Scholar ↗
  72. Ibn Rasul, S.A (2004). Development of balanced scorecard for management systems of research, Ph.D Theses, Tehran, Industry and Science University.Google Scholar ↗
  73. Imai Masaaki (1986). Kaizen: The key to Japan’s Competitive Success. New York: Random House.Google Scholar ↗
  74. International Monetary Fund (2021). Governments Enterprise Performance Document: What next for the state enterprises.Google Scholar ↗
  75. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Quality management principles (2015).Google Scholar ↗
  76. http://www.iso.org/iso/pub100080.pdf.Google Scholar ↗
  77. Jawad A. (2020). Impact of TQM on Corporate Sustainability through the mediating effect of Knowledge Management. https//doi.org/101016/j/jclepro.2019.118806.Google Scholar ↗
  78. Jimor R., Oyewobi L., Isa r., Wazir I.(2019). TQM practice and organizational performance: The mediating role of strategies for continuous improvement. Int J. Constr. Manag 2019; 19 (2):162 – 177. (Google scholar).Google Scholar ↗
  79. Joel (2016). Effect of strategy implementation on organization performance. A case of Diamond Trust Bank Nairobi City County branches.Google Scholar ↗
  80. John Dudovskiy. (2022). The Ultimate guide to writing a dissertation in Business Studies: A step by step Assistance (6th edition).Google Scholar ↗
  81. Johnson, G, & Scholes, K. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy. London: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar ↗
  82. Jon Miller: Creating a Kaizen culture: Align the origin achieve break through results and sustain the Gains (Mechanical engineering) illustrated Edition (16. Nov.2013) ISBN -10.97.800 71826853.Google Scholar ↗
  83. Julia Hanna (2007) –Bringing ‘lean’ principles to service industries. Business Research for business leaders. Business Harvard School. Hbswk.edu.Google Scholar ↗
  84. Kaizen : The key to Japan’s competitive success 1ST Edition by McGraw-Hill New York ;stated first Edition (01/Jan/1986)ISBN-10 007554332X.Google Scholar ↗
  85. Kaizen and the Art of Creative thinking: The scientific Thinking Mechanism 1st Edition (2017) ISBN -101897363591.Google Scholar ↗
  86. Kaplan R.S and Norton D.P (1999). “Using the Balance Score Card from performance management to strategic management: Part 1 Accounting 3rd Edition, Upper saddle river, N.J. Prentice Hall.Google Scholar ↗
  87. Kaplan, R. S & Narton, D.P (1992). The balanced scorecard- measures that drive performance. Harvvard Business Review, 70(1), 71-79.Google Scholar ↗
  88. Kaplan, R.S, & Norton, D. P (1996b).The balanced Scorecard: Translating strategy into action. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.246.Google Scholar ↗
  89. Kaplan, R.S., & Narton, D.P. (1996a). Using the Balanced Scorecard as Strategic Management System. Harvard Business Review, 74(1), 7 (5)-85.Google Scholar ↗
  90. Kaplan, R.S., & Norton D. P (2001). The strategy focused organization: How balanced Scorecard companies thrive in new Business environment. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar ↗
  91. Kaplan, R.S., & Norton, D.P. (1993). Putting the balanced scorecard to work. Harvard Business Review, 71(5), 134-42.Google Scholar ↗
  92. Kaplan, R.S., & Norton, D.P. (1996). The Balanced Scorecard – Translating StrategyGoogle Scholar ↗
  93. into Action. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar ↗
  94. Kaplan, R.S., & Norton, D.P. (2001). The strategy-focused organization – HowGoogle Scholar ↗
  95. balanced scorecard companies thrive in the new business environment. Boston:Google Scholar ↗
  96. Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar ↗
  97. Kerlinger, F.N (1979). Behavioral Research: A conceptual approach. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar ↗
  98. Khan M.A, (2010). Evaluating the Deming Management Model of Total Quality Management in telecommunication industry in Pakistan- An empirical study. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(9), 46, 1-15.Google Scholar ↗
  99. Khan M.A, (2010). Evaluating the Deming Management Model of Total Quality Management in telecommunication industry in Pakistan- An empirical study. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(9), 46, 1-15.Google Scholar ↗
  100. Khuran Hashmi (2000). Introduction and Implementation and Total Quality Management (TQM) 3pp 13-18.Google Scholar ↗
  101. Kim –Y., Kumor V. Kumar U. Relationship between Quality Management Practices and Innovation J. Oper manag 2012; 30 (4): 295-315 (Google scholar).Google Scholar ↗
  102. Kiptui K. Ambrose K. and Margret Oloko (2017). Moderating effect of TQM on the relationship between organizational learning and performance of public universities in Kenya. The international Journal of Business and Management Vol. 5, issue 8, August 2017.Google Scholar ↗
  103. Kirkham L. Garza- Reyes. J.A Kumar V., Antony J. Prioritization of operations improvement projects in the European manufacturing industry. Int.J. Prod. Res. 2014; 52 (18); 5323-5345 (Google scholar).Google Scholar ↗
  104. Kothari, C. R (2004) Research Methodology: Methods & Techniques,2nd Edition, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.Google Scholar ↗
  105. Krisada C. Kiltisak J., (2019). The influence of entrepreneurial orientation and TQM on organizational performance on pharmaceutical SMEs in Thailand with moderating role of organizational learning.Google Scholar ↗
  106. Lauren Landry (2020). Decision making –Management essential: Why managers should involve their team in the decision-making process. Business insight- Harvard university online.hbs.edu.Google Scholar ↗
  107. Lebans, M., & Euske, K (2006). A conceptual and Operational Delineation Of Performance Business Performance Measurement, 15-18Google Scholar ↗
  108. Lender, E and Liker Journal (2007) .The Toyota Production system and art: making highly customized and creative products the Toyota way –International journal of production Research, 45(16) .pp 361-3698.Google Scholar ↗
  109. Liker, J.K,(1994) The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World’s Greatest Manufacturing McGraw-Hill New York, NY.Google Scholar ↗
  110. Linet Njagi and, Henry Kombo (2014). Effect of Strategy Implementation on Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.orgISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol.6, No.13, 2014.Google Scholar ↗
  111. Manifold Toga (2017). Relationship between TQM and Innovation in Foundation Steel Industry South Africa.Google Scholar ↗
  112. Mburu (2017). Effect of quality management system and strategic management practices in access to water and sanitation services in KenyaGoogle Scholar ↗
  113. Kaplan, R.S., & Narton, D.P. (1993). Putting the balanced scorecard to work. Harvard Business Review, 71(5), 134-42.Google Scholar ↗
  114. Morse J M, Plano Niehaus L. Mixed method design: Principles and procedures. Left Coast Press: Walnut Greek. C,A 2009.Google Scholar ↗
  115. Mugenda O.M, Mugenda A.G (1999). Research Methods: Quantitative and QualitativeGoogle Scholar ↗
  116. Approaches. Nairobi: Acts Press.Google Scholar ↗
  117. Mugenda, O. M.,& Mugenda, A.G. (2003). Research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. ACTS, Nairobi.Google Scholar ↗
  118. Muia Faith Mukonyo (2010). Effect of Total Quality Management implementation in performance of Microfinance institution in Kenya. A case of K-Rep Development Agency) pg 2-28.Google Scholar ↗
  119. Mutua C., Muendo and Prof. Martin O., (2020). Strategy implementation and organizational performance: a case study of Kenya medical training college European journal of strategic management (EJSBM)ISSN 2518-265X (Online)Vol.5, Issue 1, pp. 16- 36, 2020www.iprj.Google Scholar ↗
  120. Mwasiaji E. (2019). Corporate strategy for medium scale manufacturing enterprises in Kenya. International Journal of Management Excellent 14(1), 2020-2028. ISSN 2292-1648.Google Scholar ↗
  121. Nassiuma, D.K (2000). Survey Sample; Theory and Methods. Nairobi: Nairobi University Press.Google Scholar ↗
  122. Neone, P. (2007). Balanced Evaluation-step by step, Translated by Parviz Bakhtiari et al., Tehran, Industrial Management Press, first edition.Google Scholar ↗
  123. Niche Ndubusi. H (2012). Impact of Total Quality Management on organizational productivity. A case of Ama Brewery 9th Mile Corner Enugu pg12-59.Google Scholar ↗
  124. Nichmias, C.F and Nachmias D (1996). Research Methods in Social Science 5TH Edition, St Martin Press, London.Google Scholar ↗
  125. Nimra A., (2022) Exploring the impact of TQM initiatives on construction industry projects in Pakistan. Doi:1.1371/journal.pone.0274827.Google Scholar ↗
  126. Njeru M.N.(2016). The Relationship between TQM and Employees Performance in public universities in Kenya. A case study of Kirinyaga university collage. Strategic Journal of Business and Change management 3(2).Google Scholar ↗
  127. Norah Dhafer, Al-Q., Sabah S. A.,, Dr. AzrilahA. Aziz (2011). The impact of total quality management on organizational performance European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol.7, No.36, 2015.Google Scholar ↗
  128. North College (2015). “Quality Assurance” A dobe Digital Editions version. Retrieved from http://www.Northlink Co. zq/QMS.aspx.Nunnally. J.,(1978) Psychometric methods(2rd Edn) New York McGraw. Hill.Google Scholar ↗
  129. Nurhayati R., (2018). The impact of quality awareness on quality results of manufacturing firms. The mediating effect of TQM DOI: https:// doi.org/10.14738/abr.612.5645.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  130. Pollock and Calloun. (2001). Breaking through Learning: How to turn training and development into business results By Roy V.H Pollock and Calloun. W. Wick. 3rd Edition: ISBN-13:978-1118647998. of State Universities and Other Universities in Jaipur.Google Scholar ↗
  131. Office of the Auditor General (2017.). Report of The Audit-General on the Financial Statements of State Corporation of Kenya for the year ended 30 June 2017.Google Scholar ↗
  132. Office of the Auditor General (2020). Report of The Audit-General on the Financial Statements of State Corporations of Kenya for the year ended 30 June 2020.Google Scholar ↗
  133. Office of the Auditor General. (2019). Report of The Audit-General on the Financial Statements of Postal Corporation of Kenya for the year ended 30 June 2019.Google Scholar ↗
  134. Omato D. N., (2019). Influence of change resistance management on relationship between strategic change management practices and service quality among county government in western Kenya.Google Scholar ↗
  135. Owerri (2013). Impact of the total quality management (TQM) on productivity (a case study of diamond bank, ltd.Google Scholar ↗
  136. Pamela A., and Phelgona G., (2019). Strategy Implementation Practices on Performance of Solid Waste Disposal Management in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. International Journal of Current Aspects, Volume 3, Issue IV, 2019, PP 131-149, ISSN 2616-6976.www.ijcab.org.Google Scholar ↗
  137. Panuwatwanich K., Al –Haadir S., Stewart R.A (2017). Influence of safety motivation and climate on safety behavior and outcomes: Evidence from the Saudi Arabia Construction industry. Int. r J.Occup.saf.Ergon.JOSE.2017 23(1): 60-75. (PubMed) Google scholar).Google Scholar ↗
  138. Patton M Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and evaluation methods-2rd Sage publications Thousand Oaks CA 2002.Google Scholar ↗
  139. Paul C. Price, Rajiov Jhangiani (2021). Research methods in Psychology 2rd Canadian Edition .Google Scholar ↗
  140. Peter o., Daryl P., Hans H., and Kym F., (2014). Using Lean principles to drive operational improvements in intermodal container facilities www.emeraldinsight.com/1472-5967.htmGoogle Scholar ↗
  141. Philip B. Crosby, W. Edwards D., Armand V. F, Kaoru I, and Joseph M. J.(1992). The Eight TQM Elements.Google Scholar ↗
  142. Porte Brown Wealth Management: of the week: Revue Growth (2022).Google Scholar ↗
  143. Porter, M.E (1991). Towards a dynamic theory of strategy. Strategic management Journal, 12(special Issue) 95-117 doi:101002/smj.4250121008.Google Scholar ↗
  144. Powell, T.C., (1995). Total quality management as competitive advantage: a review andGoogle Scholar ↗
  145. empirical study. Strategic Management Journal, 16(1), 15-37.Google Scholar ↗
  146. Prachi.J.(2021) Methods/ways of participation of employees in decision – making www.managementstudyguide.comGoogle Scholar ↗
  147. Pritha Bhandari (2021). Ethical Considerations in Research Type and Examples. https//:www.scribbr.com,https://www.scribbr.comGoogle Scholar ↗
  148. Ramatu A.A., Kabiru M., and Kabiru J.R., (2018). TQM firm performance and the moderating role of competitive intensity. Journal of Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship (JIBE) 3(1),, 10-20, 2018.Google Scholar ↗
  149. Rash Z., (2021). The influence of soft and hard TQM on quality performance and patient satisfaction in health care: Investigating direct and indirect effects. Pubmed.ncbi.nrm.nih.gov.Google Scholar ↗
  150. Raymond A. N., (1996). Employee training and development: 8th Edition.Google Scholar ↗
  151. Reed, R., Lemak, D.J., & Montgomery, J.C. (1996). Beyond process: TQM content andGoogle Scholar ↗
  152. firm performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 173-202.Google Scholar ↗
  153. Republic of Kenya (2020). Financial Year 2019/2020. The National Treasury and planning statement of Fiscal risks arising from the corporations sector. Financial Year 2019/2020.Google Scholar ↗
  154. Rigby, D., & Bilodeau, B. (2011). Management tools and trends 2011. Bain & Company.Google Scholar ↗
  155. Robert Haif (2019). Share the vision: How to encourage employee decision making w 28th Oct 2019. www.roberthalf.com.uk.Google Scholar ↗
  156. Robert Maurer. (2012). The spirit of Kaizen: Creating Lasting Excellence over small step at a time (2012) by Robert Maurer.Google Scholar ↗
  157. Rula Ali Al-Damen (2017). The impact of Total Quality Management on organizational performance .A Case of Jordan Oil Petroleum Company International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 8, No. 1; January 2017ISSN 2219-1933.Google Scholar ↗
  158. Sajj A.B., Saher I., Mohammad A.,Irfan A.B., Fiza A., and Muhammad Z., (2021). Impact of Leadership styles on employee’s performance with moderating role of positive psychological capital Pakistan.Google Scholar ↗
  159. Salim, S.B.(2012). The Relationship between Size and Financial performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya. Unpublished MBA Project, university of Nairobi.Google Scholar ↗
  160. Sam Franklin (2022). An actionable guide to calculating and improving your revenue growth www.letsbloom.com.Google Scholar ↗
  161. Santos-Vijande M.L., Alvarez- Gonzalez L.I (2007). Innovativeness and organizational innovation in total quality orientation firms: the moderating role of market turbulence. Tec novation. 2007: 27(9): 514-532 (Google Scholar).Google Scholar ↗
  162. Saunders, M., Lewis and Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students. Pearson, New York.Google Scholar ↗
  163. Saunders, M., Lewis, Thornhill, A (2003). Research Methods for Business Students (3rded.) England: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar ↗
  164. Sean Lund-Brown (2009). Understanding Key performance indicators (KPIs) and using them to Fast – Track Business Growth (2009).Google Scholar ↗
  165. Sekaran, U. (2000). Research Methods for Business; A skill-building approach, 3rd Ed. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar ↗
  166. Simon Elias (2016). Why lean thinking is Valuable to the service industry. Lean competency system Director, Lean competency system 22nd August.Google Scholar ↗
  167. Siti R.A.,(2018). Ethical considerations in Qualitative Study .International Journal of Care Scholar (2018) ;1(2).Google Scholar ↗
  168. Sonal J., (2012). Application of Total Quality Management: A Comparative study of LibrariesGoogle Scholar ↗
  169. Soumyadeep H., (2019). Impact of barriers and Enablers on effective lean implementation in India steel industry.Google Scholar ↗
  170. Stephen, S., Akshay K.C.(2002). Managememt,7/E Prentice Hall.Google Scholar ↗
  171. Tehmeena S., Rabia M., Zanaib T., (2021). Effect of TQM on financial and non-financial performance: Evidance from Higher educational sector of Pakistan. Humanities and Social Science Reviews 9(3) : 1027-1037 DOI:10./8510/hssr.2021.93101.Google Scholar ↗
  172. The chartered Quality Institute ISO 14001:2015 Understandings Quality International Standards ASIN: BO7B8SKX34.Google Scholar ↗
  173. The Loyalty Effect (Harvard Business School Press (1996) hbswk.hbs.eduGoogle Scholar ↗
  174. The practice of management Executive reflection of Peter F. Drucker’s landmark book.Pg 16 vol 17 (2003).Google Scholar ↗
  175. Therese A. J., (2017). TQM and performance: The role of organization support and co-worker support. The international journal of quality and reliability management. ISSN: 0265-671X-2017.Google Scholar ↗
  176. Thomas O.N., Ronald B., and Joel C., (2017). Moderating role of transformational leadership behavior on the relationship between dynamic capabilities and performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi County in Kenya. International Journal of Economic Commerce and Management UK Vol., Issue II November 2017 ISSN 23480386. http://ijecm.co.UK/ISSN23480386.Google Scholar ↗
  177. Vedant S., Akshay K., and Tej S., (2018). Impact of TQM on organizational performance a case of Indian manufacturing and service industry. DOI: 10.1016/J.orp.2018.07.004.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  178. Vignesh V. Suresh M. and S. Aramvalarthan (2016). Lean in service industries: A literature review.Google Scholar ↗
  179. Wahyu Ismael K, K Arfandi A., Muhammad H., Masurin (2022). Analysis of the of TQM implementation on company managerial performance case study: PT.X) https:// doi.org/10.56882/jisem.v1i2I.IDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  180. Waititu J.W (2016).Relationship between strategy implementation and Performance in commercial bank in Nairobi county Kenya international Journal of Business and Management,11(9),231-248.Google Scholar ↗
  181. Wamalwa A., and Lucy S., (2018) analyzed the effect of TQM on the relationship between Generic strategies and performance of Kenyan manufacturing firms.htt://hdl,handle.net/123456789/4826.Google Scholar ↗
  182. Weed, Julie (July 10, 2010). “Factory Efficiency comes to the Hospital” The New York Times.Google Scholar ↗
  183. Womack and create wealth in your corporation. New York Simon and Schruster. Printer p.115.Google Scholar ↗
  184. Womack and Jones- The five principles of lean manufacturing. The Lean Enterprise Institute (2016).Google Scholar ↗
  185. Yuni Pambrane Ali k., S.M Ferdous Azom and Jacquline T. (2019). Influence of TQM towards organization performance. Management Science letters 9(9): 1397-1406.DOI: 10.5267/J.MS/2019.5.011.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  186. Zakiah M.Z., A and Nurazwa A., (2020). TQM practices and operational performance in manufacturing companies. Research in management of Technology and Business.Google Scholar ↗
  187. Zakuan N. Yusof S.M, Laosirihong T., Shahoroun A.M Proposed relationship of TQM and organizational performance using structured equation modeling total qual.manag.2010;21(2):185-203 (Google Scholar).Google Scholar ↗
  188. Zeyad K., Issam A., and Aynam A.,R. (2020). TQM potential moderating role of the relationship between Human Rescore Management practices, Knowledge management strategies and organizational performance. A case of Jordanian Banks. Academic of strategic Management journal (Print ISSN: 1544-1458; Online ISSN: 1939-6104).Google Scholar ↗
Author details
Oduor Juma Paul
Maseno University
✉ Corresponding Author
👤 View Profile →🔗 Is this you? Claim this publication
Donald Indiya Gulali
Maseno University
👤 View Profile →🔗 Is this you? Claim this publication
Jairo Kirwa Mise
Maseno University
👤 View Profile →🔗 Is this you? Claim this publication