Assessing the Quality of Ship Crew Members in Sewage Pollution Prevention Practices on Marine Environmental Protection: A Case of Dar Es Salaam – Zanzibar Ropax Vessels

Jackline Lema; Msabaha Mwendapole; Edrick Mugisha

doi:10.18535/sshj.v8i10.1354

Abstract

The maritime industry is crucial for global trade, but it also significantly impacts the marine environment, particularly through sewage pollution. This study assesses the quality of ship crew members in sewage pollution prevention practices on marine environmental protection, focusing on ROPAX vessels operating between Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar. The stud aims to assess the quality of ship’s crew members in training and education, experience and the number of crew in sewage pollution prevention practices. The study collected data from 80 respondents, whereby both questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed by using T-test, Chi-square test, Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study finding revealed that significant deficiencies in awareness and training among crew members regarding MARPOL Annex IV regulations, with many respondents rating their understanding as very low or low. This lack of knowledge, compounded by insufficient formal training programs, hampers the effective implementation of pollution prevention measures. The study recommends a multifaceted approach, including enhanced training, financial support for compliance, and stronger regulatory oversight to improve environmental protection practices. These findings provide crucial insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to reduce the environmental impact of the Tanzanian maritime industry and protect marine ecosystem.

Keywords

Russiaukrainesyriawar

References

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[refR-2] Arslan, O., Solmaz, M. S., & Usluer, H. B. (2022). Determination of the perception of ship management towards environmental pollion caused by routine operations of ships. Aquatic Research, 5(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.3153/ar22005DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Chuma, O. C. (2020). A LAW TO INCORPORATE THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM SHIPS , 1973 , AS MODIFIED BY THE PROTOCOL OF 1978 ( MARPOL ) INTO THE LAWS OF MALAWI AND TO MAKE REGULATIONS FOR THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF Inland Waters Shipping. 2019–2020.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Corinne, V., Ngajuissi, N., & Moukoury, E. (2022). The Maritime Commons : Digital Repository of the World Maritime Sustainable management of sewage pollution from ships in Duoala Port : perspective on challenges and opportunities SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SEWAGE POLLUTION FROM SHIPS IN DOUALA PORT : PERSP.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Djadjev, I. (n.d.). Complying with MARPOL 73/78. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4715.7922DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Hasanspahić, N., Pećarević, M., Hrdalo, N., & Čampara, L. (2022). Analysis of Ballast Water Discharged in Port—A Case Study of the Port of Ploče (Croatia). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111700DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

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[refR-8] Koboević, Ž., & Milošević-Pujo, B. (2018). The necessity of adoption of new national regulations to prevent the pollution of croatian coastal sea by Sewage from various vessels. Transactions on Maritime Science, 7(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.7225/toms.v07.n01.008DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Koboević, Ž., Mišković, D., Capor Hrošik, R., & Koboević, N. (2022). Analysis of sea pollution by sewage from vessels. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010263DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Machiwa, J. F. (2010). Coastal Marine Pollution in Dar es Salaam ( Tanzania ) relative to Recommended Environmental Quality Targets for the Western Indian Ocean. 9(1), 17–30.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Nations, U., & Summary, E. (2015). Report of the United Nations Environment Programme ( Unep ). 25(25), 1–12.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Nursyamsu, N., Putra, A. M., Dewi, A. K., & Sutryani, H. (2022). Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Pengawasan dan Kelengkapan Sarana Pengelolaan Sampah Awak Kapal terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan Pencemaran Laut di Pelabuhan. Quantum Teknika : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Terapan, 4(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.18196/jqt.v4i1.15696DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Ofem Akpama, I. (2017). An examination of the effectiveness of implementation of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention in Nigeria. https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertationsGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Port, P. (2020). Social Cost Benefit Analysis of Port Handling Plans for Annex IV waste of MARPOL : A Case Study in Las. 78.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Potters, G. (2013). Marine Pollution. Bookboon.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Ringo, J. (2016). Status of Sewage Disposal in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania. International Journal of Marine, Atmospheric & Earth Sciences Int. J. Mar. Atmos. & Earth Sci, 4(1), 24–34. www.ModernScientificPress.com/Journals/IJMaes.aspxGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Shi, Y. (2016). Are greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping a type of marine pollution? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 113(1–2), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.014DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Uddin, M., & Karim, M. S. (n.d.). Chapter 4 Prevention, Reduction and Control of Marine Pollution from Ships.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] UNEP Training Manual on International Environmental Law. (n.d.).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2022). Review of Maritime Transport 2022- Chapter 2: Maritime Transport Services. https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/Classifications.html.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. (n.d.).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Wang, Y., Liang, J., Yang, J., Ma, X., Li, X., Wu, J., Yang, G., Ren, G., & Feng, Y. (2019). Analysis of the environmental behavior of farmers for non-point source pollution control and management: An integration of the theory of planned behavior and the protection motivation theory. Journal of Environmental Management, 237(January), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.070DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Wilewska-Bien, M., & Anderberg, S. (2018). Reception of sewage in the Baltic Sea – The port´s role in the sustainable management of ship wastes. Marine Policy, 93, 207–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.04.012DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Willis, K. A., Serra-Gonçalves, C., Richardson, K., Schuyler, Q. A., Pedersen, H., Anderson, K., Stark, J. S., Vince, J., Hardesty, B. D., Wilcox, C., Nowak, B. F., Lavers, J. L., Semmens, J. M., Greeno, D., MacLeod, C., Frederiksen, N. P. O., & Puskic, P. S. (2022). Cleaner seas: reducing marine pollution. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 32(1), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-021-09674-8DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗