Convergence Communication in Community-Based Ecotourism Management

Faris Budiman Annas; Djuara P. Lubis; Dwi Retno Hapsari; Sumardjo

doi:10.18535/sshj.v8i07.1193

Abstract

The development of sustainable tourism can be realized through ecotourism. Ecotourism itself is an environmentally conscious tourism activity that prioritizes aspects of nature conservation, social, cultural, and economic empowerment of local communities, as well as learning and education aspects. This research aims to analyze the dynamics of convergence communication in community-based ecotourism management in Indonesia. The method used in this research is literature review. There are four community-based ecotourism locations selected purposively, namely Blekok Village ecotourism, Mola Wakatobi Village, Berjo Village, and Wae Rebo Village. The results obtained from these four ecotourism sites show the process of convergence communication in ecotourism management consisting of stages of understanding, agreement, and collective action. Through collective action, the aim is to develop ecotourism in accordance with its principles from aspects of environmental conservation, economic benefits, cultural preservation, and community participation.

Keywords

Child careWomen-friendly villageWomen's public leadership

References

Afua, A. E. (2012). Community participation in ecotourism: Evidence from Tafi Atome, Ghana. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 2(2). ISSN: 2223-814X.Google Scholar ↗
Brata, J. T., Nashar, A., & Suprianto, F. (2022). Management of Mola Raya slum areas becoming a tourism area in Wakatobi Regency. Journal of Political Science, 1(April), 1–12.Google Scholar ↗
Butar-Butar, R. R., & Soemarno. (2012). Community empowerment effort in sustainable ecotourism management in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. J-PAL, 3(1), 1-7. https://jpal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jpal/article/view/120Google Scholar ↗
Bjork, P. (2000). Ecotourism from a conceptual perspective: An extended definition of a unique tourism form. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2(3), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-1970(200005/06)2:3<189::AID-JTR195>3.0.CO;2-TDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Burgos, A., & Mertens, F. (2017). Participatory management of community-based tourism: A network perspective. Community Development, 48(4), 546–565.Google Scholar ↗
Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2009). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Boston: Pearson.Google Scholar ↗
Cooper, H. (2010). Research synthesis and meta-analysis: A step-by-step approach (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar ↗
Flor, G. A., & Cangara, H. (2018). Komunikasi lingkungan: Penanganan kasus-kasus lingkungan melalui strategi komunikasi. Prenadamedia Group.Google Scholar ↗
Fajar, M. (2023, 12 Maret). Desa Adat Wae Rebo benar-benar magis, lihat saja ini. Diambil pada 25 Februari 2024 dari https://travel.detik.com/cerita-perjalanan/d-6613912/Desa-adat-wae-rebo-benar-benar-magis-lihat-saja-iniGoogle Scholar ↗
Hijriati, E., & Mardiana, R. (2014). Community-based ecotourism influence the condition of ecology, social, and economic: Batusuhunan Village, Sukabumi. Sodality, 2(3).Google Scholar ↗
Heslinga, J., Groote, P., & Vanclay, F. (2017). Strengthening governance processes to improve benefit-sharing from tourism in protected areas by using stakeholder analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9582(December), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1408635DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Insani, N., Wirahayu, Y. A., Arif, D. A., & Sabilau, O. G. (2019). Feasibility study, carrying capacity, and ecotourism activities in the Blekok Village mangrove area of Situbondo Regency. Geography and Geography Education, 3(2), 2580–1775. http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/Google Scholar ↗
Jones, S. (2005). Community-based ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 303–324. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.06.0DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Kriyantono, R. (2008). Teknik praktis riset komunikasi. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.Google Scholar ↗
Kiper, T. (2013). Role of ecotourism in sustainable development. Advances in Landscape Architecture. doi:10.5772/55749DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Kincaid, D. L. (1979). The convergence model of communication. East West Communication Institute.Google Scholar ↗
Kunjuraman, V. (2021). Local community participation challenges in community-based ecotourism development in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Community Development Journal. doi:10.1093/cdj/bsaa065DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Littlejohn, S., & Foss, K. (2009). Humorous communication theory. In Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412959384.n178DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Meli, N. (2020, 16 Maret). Mengenal Suku Bajo di Perkampungan Bajo Mola, Wakatobi. Diambil dari https://osc.medcom.id/community/mengenal-suku-bajo-di-perkampungan-bajo-mola-wakatobi-958Google Scholar ↗
Marlina, Mkumbachi, R. L., Mane, A., & Daud, L. R. (2023). Environmental care character education based on local wisdom for marine resource management. Jambura Geo Education Journal, 4(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.34312/jgej.v4i2.21920DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Mashuri, D. (2021). Desa Berjo Ngargoyoso satu-satunya desa milyarder terkaya di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Diambil tanggal 3 Maret 2023 dari https://detikcyber.com/index.php/2021/04/06/Desa-berjo-ngargoyoso-satu-satunya-Desamilyarder-terkaya-di-kabupaten-karanganyar/Google Scholar ↗
Mohd Noh, A. N., Razzaq, A. R. A., Mustafa, M. Z., Nordin, M. N., & Ibrahim, B. (2021). Sustainable community-based ecotourism development. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology.Google Scholar ↗
Pranoto, B., Utami, T., & Sunesti, Y. (2023). Pengembangan Desa wisata Berjo menuju SDGs Desa Mandiri dan Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 12(2), 381–395. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish.v12i2.61185DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Putri, F. A., Bramasta, D., & Hawanti, S. (2020). Studi literatur tentang peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran The Power of Two di SD. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v6i2.561DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Prasetya, W. A. (2021, 29 Mei). Harga tiket dan jam buka Air Terjun Jumog Karanganyar. Diambil tanggal 25 Februari 2024 dari https://travel.kompas.com/read/2021/05/29/150300727/harga-tiket-dan-jam-buka-air-terjun-jumog-karanganyar-2021Google Scholar ↗
Priyambodo, U. (2022, 11 Januari). Menelisik potensi ekowisata di Indonesia dan cara memasarkannya. Diambil tanggal 25 Februari 2024 dari https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/133086639/menelisik-potensi-ekowisata-di-indonesia-dan-cara-memasarkannya?page=allGoogle Scholar ↗
Rachmawati, I. (2019, 26 Maret). Berkawan dengan ratusan burung air di Kampung Blekok. Diambil tanggal 25 Maret 2024 dari https://travel.kompas.com/read/2019/02/26/141600327/berkawan-dengan-ratusan-burung-air-di-kampung-blekok-situbondoGoogle Scholar ↗
Ramadesta, P., Sukana, M., & Narottama, N. (2022). The role of stakeholders in the development of mangrove eco-tourism at Blekok Tourism Village, Situbondo, East Java. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(3), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.3.1448DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Suhandi, A. S., Novianti, E., Oktavia, D., Khan, A., & Simatupang, W. P. (2022). Community participation process in community-based tourism development in Waerebo Traditional Village, Manggarai Regency, Flores. ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism. Institut Teknologi Bandung.Google Scholar ↗
Ross, S., & Wall, G. (1999). Ecotourism: Towards congruence between theory and practice. Tourism Management, 20(1), 123-132. ISSN 0261-5177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00098-3DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Stone, M. T. (2015). Community-based ecotourism: A collaborative partnerships perspective. Journal of Ecotourism, 14(2-3), 166–184. doi:10.1080/14724049.2015.1023DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Sudirman, F. A., Tombora, I. T. A., & Tarifu, L. (2022). Tata kelola kolaboratif (Collaborative Governance) pembangunan pariwisata Bajo Mola Wakatobi. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 6(1), 114–132. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v6i1.2DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
United Nation Tourism. (2024). Sustainable tourism. Diambil tanggal 20 Maret 2024 dari http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22684502/0Google Scholar ↗
Wardani, I. S., & Ashshidiqy, K. H. (2023). Perkara korupsi BUMDes inkrah, Kades Berjo Karanganyar dipecat - Solopos.com. Diambil tanggal 25 Februari 2024 dari https://soloraya.solopos.com/perkara-korupsi-bumdes-inkrah-kades-berjo-karanganyar-dipecat-1798528Google Scholar ↗
Wisnubroto. (2023). Rapor biru pariwisata nasional. Diambil tanggal 25 Februari 2024 dari https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/7771/rapor-biru-pariwisata-nasional?lang=1Google Scholar ↗
Yasir. (2021). Komunikasi pariwisata dalam pengembangan destinasi wisata di Kecamatan Kuok Kabupaten Kampar. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, 9(1), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v9i1.26170DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Yasir, Y., Nurjanah, Salam, N. E., & Yohana, N. (2019). Kebijakan komunikasi dalam membangun destinasi dan masyarakat sadar wisata di Kabupaten Bengkalis. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.3i3.1548DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-1] Afua, A. E. (2012). Community participation in ecotourism: Evidence from Tafi Atome, Ghana. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 2(2). ISSN: 2223-814X.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-2] Brata, J. T., Nashar, A., & Suprianto, F. (2022). Management of Mola Raya slum areas becoming a tourism area in Wakatobi Regency. Journal of Political Science, 1(April), 1–12.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Butar-Butar, R. R., & Soemarno. (2012). Community empowerment effort in sustainable ecotourism management in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. J-PAL, 3(1), 1-7. https://jpal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jpal/article/view/120Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Bjork, P. (2000). Ecotourism from a conceptual perspective: An extended definition of a unique tourism form. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2(3), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-1970(200005/06)2:3<189::AID-JTR195>3.0.CO;2-TDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Burgos, A., & Mertens, F. (2017). Participatory management of community-based tourism: A network perspective. Community Development, 48(4), 546–565.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2009). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Boston: Pearson.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Cooper, H. (2010). Research synthesis and meta-analysis: A step-by-step approach (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Flor, G. A., & Cangara, H. (2018). Komunikasi lingkungan: Penanganan kasus-kasus lingkungan melalui strategi komunikasi. Prenadamedia Group.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Fajar, M. (2023, 12 Maret). Desa Adat Wae Rebo benar-benar magis, lihat saja ini. Diambil pada 25 Februari 2024 dari https://travel.detik.com/cerita-perjalanan/d-6613912/Desa-adat-wae-rebo-benar-benar-magis-lihat-saja-iniGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Hijriati, E., & Mardiana, R. (2014). Community-based ecotourism influence the condition of ecology, social, and economic: Batusuhunan Village, Sukabumi. Sodality, 2(3).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Heslinga, J., Groote, P., & Vanclay, F. (2017). Strengthening governance processes to improve benefit-sharing from tourism in protected areas by using stakeholder analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9582(December), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1408635DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Insani, N., Wirahayu, Y. A., Arif, D. A., & Sabilau, O. G. (2019). Feasibility study, carrying capacity, and ecotourism activities in the Blekok Village mangrove area of Situbondo Regency. Geography and Geography Education, 3(2), 2580–1775. http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Jones, S. (2005). Community-based ecotourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 303–324. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.06.0DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Kriyantono, R. (2008). Teknik praktis riset komunikasi. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Kiper, T. (2013). Role of ecotourism in sustainable development. Advances in Landscape Architecture. doi:10.5772/55749DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Kincaid, D. L. (1979). The convergence model of communication. East West Communication Institute.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Kunjuraman, V. (2021). Local community participation challenges in community-based ecotourism development in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Community Development Journal. doi:10.1093/cdj/bsaa065DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Littlejohn, S., & Foss, K. (2009). Humorous communication theory. In Encyclopedia of Communication Theory. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412959384.n178DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] Meli, N. (2020, 16 Maret). Mengenal Suku Bajo di Perkampungan Bajo Mola, Wakatobi. Diambil dari https://osc.medcom.id/community/mengenal-suku-bajo-di-perkampungan-bajo-mola-wakatobi-958Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Marlina, Mkumbachi, R. L., Mane, A., & Daud, L. R. (2023). Environmental care character education based on local wisdom for marine resource management. Jambura Geo Education Journal, 4(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.34312/jgej.v4i2.21920DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] Mashuri, D. (2021). Desa Berjo Ngargoyoso satu-satunya desa milyarder terkaya di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Diambil tanggal 3 Maret 2023 dari https://detikcyber.com/index.php/2021/04/06/Desa-berjo-ngargoyoso-satu-satunya-Desamilyarder-terkaya-di-kabupaten-karanganyar/Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Mohd Noh, A. N., Razzaq, A. R. A., Mustafa, M. Z., Nordin, M. N., & Ibrahim, B. (2021). Sustainable community-based ecotourism development. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Pranoto, B., Utami, T., & Sunesti, Y. (2023). Pengembangan Desa wisata Berjo menuju SDGs Desa Mandiri dan Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 12(2), 381–395. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish.v12i2.61185DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Putri, F. A., Bramasta, D., & Hawanti, S. (2020). Studi literatur tentang peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran The Power of Two di SD. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v6i2.561DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-25] Prasetya, W. A. (2021, 29 Mei). Harga tiket dan jam buka Air Terjun Jumog Karanganyar. Diambil tanggal 25 Februari 2024 dari https://travel.kompas.com/read/2021/05/29/150300727/harga-tiket-dan-jam-buka-air-terjun-jumog-karanganyar-2021Google Scholar ↗

[refR-26] Priyambodo, U. (2022, 11 Januari). Menelisik potensi ekowisata di Indonesia dan cara memasarkannya. Diambil tanggal 25 Februari 2024 dari https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/133086639/menelisik-potensi-ekowisata-di-indonesia-dan-cara-memasarkannya?page=allGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-27] Rachmawati, I. (2019, 26 Maret). Berkawan dengan ratusan burung air di Kampung Blekok. Diambil tanggal 25 Maret 2024 dari https://travel.kompas.com/read/2019/02/26/141600327/berkawan-dengan-ratusan-burung-air-di-kampung-blekok-situbondoGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-28] Ramadesta, P., Sukana, M., & Narottama, N. (2022). The role of stakeholders in the development of mangrove eco-tourism at Blekok Tourism Village, Situbondo, East Java. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(3), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.3.1448DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-29] Suhandi, A. S., Novianti, E., Oktavia, D., Khan, A., & Simatupang, W. P. (2022). Community participation process in community-based tourism development in Waerebo Traditional Village, Manggarai Regency, Flores. ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism. Institut Teknologi Bandung.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-30] Ross, S., & Wall, G. (1999). Ecotourism: Towards congruence between theory and practice. Tourism Management, 20(1), 123-132. ISSN 0261-5177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00098-3DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-31] Stone, M. T. (2015). Community-based ecotourism: A collaborative partnerships perspective. Journal of Ecotourism, 14(2-3), 166–184. doi:10.1080/14724049.2015.1023DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-32] Sudirman, F. A., Tombora, I. T. A., & Tarifu, L. (2022). Tata kelola kolaboratif (Collaborative Governance) pembangunan pariwisata Bajo Mola Wakatobi. Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 6(1), 114–132. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v6i1.2DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-33] United Nation Tourism. (2024). Sustainable tourism. Diambil tanggal 20 Maret 2024 dari http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22684502/0Google Scholar ↗

[refR-34] Wardani, I. S., & Ashshidiqy, K. H. (2023). Perkara korupsi BUMDes inkrah, Kades Berjo Karanganyar dipecat - Solopos.com. Diambil tanggal 25 Februari 2024 dari https://soloraya.solopos.com/perkara-korupsi-bumdes-inkrah-kades-berjo-karanganyar-dipecat-1798528Google Scholar ↗

[refR-35] Wisnubroto. (2023). Rapor biru pariwisata nasional. Diambil tanggal 25 Februari 2024 dari https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/7771/rapor-biru-pariwisata-nasional?lang=1Google Scholar ↗

[refR-36] Yasir. (2021). Komunikasi pariwisata dalam pengembangan destinasi wisata di Kecamatan Kuok Kabupaten Kampar. Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, 9(1), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v9i1.26170DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-37] Yasir, Y., Nurjanah, Salam, N. E., & Yohana, N. (2019). Kebijakan komunikasi dalam membangun destinasi dan masyarakat sadar wisata di Kabupaten Bengkalis. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.3i3.1548DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗